Neoplasms in domestic ruminants and swine
Increased meat production is required due to the rising global population and demand for animal protein in food. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, in the last year the production of meat from ruminants and pigs in the world reached 352.7 million tons. Given the importance of these species as a source of animal protein and the increase in their consumption, associated with the rise in herds and production, the diagnosis of neoplasms has increased.
Due to the limited information and lack of studies on neoplasms in domestic ruminants, i.e., cattle, sheep, and goats, and domestic swine, the objective of the present study was to systematically review the scientific literature to verify the occurrence, type, organ system and organs most affected by neoplasms in these animals.
The number of neoplasms found was 1,873. The most affected organ system was the integumentary system with 35%, followed in descending order by the alimentary system with 17%, the hematopoietic system with 14%, the special senses (i.e., eyes and ears) with 11%, the female and male genital systems with 7%, the urinary system with 4%, the liver and biliary system with 3%, the endocrine glands with 4%, the respiratory system with 3%, the nervous system with 2%, bones and joints with 0.4%, muscles and tendons with 0.4%, the cardiovascular system with 0.2%, and the pancreas with 0.2%.
Of the animals with neoplasms studied, cattle were affected in almost 70% of cases, goats in 11%, sheep in 10%, and swine in 9%.
In all species, the most frequent neoplasms were squamous cell carcinomas in ruminants, while melanoma was the most frequent in swine. Few studies were found that were carried out in slaughterhouses, and the existing ones referred to cattle and swine.
No data were found on economic losses with carcass condemnation.
In conclusion, it is necessary to conduct extensive and detailed studies that provide knowledge about the impact of neoplasms on the production and condemnation of carcasses in domestic cattle, sheep, goats, and swine and the respective risk factors.
Jackson Vasconcelos, et al. “Neoplasms in Domestic Ruminants and Swine: A Systematic Literature Review.” Vet Sci. 2023 Feb 18;10(2):163. doi: 10.3390/vetsci10020163.
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