Serum and urine biomarkers in cats with interstitial and bacterial cystitis
Although feline urine is increasingly submitted for bacterial culture and susceptibility testing in veterinary practices, bacterial cystitis (BC) is relatively uncommon compared with feline interstitial cystitis (FIC), which shares similar clinical manifestations. Therefore, an investigation of certain urothelial (glycosaminoglycan [GAG], tissue inhibition metalloproteinase-2 [TIMP-2]), cytokine (interleukin 12 [IL-12]), and neurotrophic factor (nerve growth factor [NGF]) markers may aid diagnosis.
Researchers aimed to evaluate the diagnostic effectiveness of selected serum and urine biomarkers in the diagnosis of cats with FIC and BC.
Twelve healthy cats (control group) and 24 cats with feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) were enrolled in the study. The cats with FLUTD were divided into FIC and BC groups.
When comparing the three groups:
- Serum GAG, IL-12, NGF and TIMP-2 concentrations were highest in the FIC group
- Urine GAG, IL-12, NGF and TIMP-2 concentrations were higher in the FIC and BC groups than those in the control group.
- Serum NGF concentrations were higher in the FIC group than in all other groups, and
- Serum GAG, IL-12, NGF, and TIMP-2 concentrations were found to be effective in the differential diagnosis of FIC vs BC.
Researchers concluded that serum NGF is a candidate biomarker that could be used in the diagnosis and differentiation of FIC. Urine GAG, IL-12, NGF, and TIMP-2 concentrations might be helpful in determining urinary bladder inflammation or damage in cats with FIC and BC.
ROC analyses revealed that serum and urine biomarkers were effective for diagnosing FIC and that serum biomarkers rather than urine biomarkers were effective for the differential diagnosis of FIC and feline BC.
Erdem Gülersoy, et al. “Comparative evaluation of selected serum and urine biomarkers in cats with interstitial and bacterial cystitis.” Vet Clin Pathol. 2022 Nov 7. doi: 10.1111/vcp.13174.
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