Outcome of hypercalcemia of malignancy and concurrent azotemia in dogs with lymphoma
Hypercalcemia of malignancy (HM) secondary to lymphoma in dogs has the potential to cause renal injury. The primary aim of this retrospective study was to characterize outcomes related to acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to HM. The authors hypothesized that dogs do suffer AKI regardless of HM severity at the time of lymphoma diagnosis or relapse.
Dogs with lymphoma, HM, and azotemia (International Renal Interest Society [IRIS] grade II or higher AKI) that underwent chemotherapy were identified at 2 veterinary institutions. Logistic regression and descriptive statistical analysis were performed to evaluate data for potential prognostic factors.
Twenty-nine dogs were included. After initiating treatment, resolution of hypercalcemia and azotemia occurred in 100% (29/29) and 79.3% (23/29) of dogs, respectively. Resolution of azotemia was influenced by serum creatinine concentration (odds ratio [OR], 0.148; Confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.734; P = .02) and total hypercalcemia (OR, 0.36; CI, 0.14-0.93; P = .04) at diagnosis, whereas blood urea nitrogen concentration, IRIS grade, sex, and whether or not dogs were hospitalized were not significant factors. At data analysis, 13.8% (4/29) of dogs were alive or lost to follow-up. Of those dead, 4 dogs (15%) had renal disease at the time of death, 2/4 having concurrent lymphoma progression.
In conclusion, although AKI may be of clinical concern in dogs with HM secondary to lymphoma at diagnosis, death secondary to renal impairment appears to be infrequent.
“Evaluation of the clinical outcome of hypercalcemia of malignancy and concurrent azotemia in dogs with lymphoma”. Alyssa A Strumpf, et al. J Vet Intern Med. 2024 Jan-Feb;38(1):308-315. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16974.
Source: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jvim.16974
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