Current knowledge on leptospirosis in cats
Leptospirosis is a neglected bacterial zoonosis that affects a wide range of mammals, with important implications from a One Health perspective. Over the past years feline leptospirosis has gained increased attention in the scientific community. Here the authors describe a systematic review with meta-analysis that followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) guidelines, with an additional PROSPERO (Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews) registration.
The study provides global seropositivity, urinary shedding rates, global serogroup distribution, descriptive data of leptospires that had been isolated from cats and clinical and laboratory features presented by symptomatic cats with acute disease.
The search was carried out in six different databases, with the identification of 79 reports describing leptospiral infection in cats. The pooled frequency of seroreactive cats was 11% (95% CI: 9%-13%), with Javanica and Pomona as the most frequent serogroups found. Frequency for urinary shedding was 8% (95% CI: 5%-10%), with L. interrogans identified in most samples. A total of 16 isolates were isolated from cats, with Bataviae as the most frequent serogroup. Twenty symptomatic cats with confirmed leptospiral infection were identified. Anorexia, lethargy, polydipsia, and bleeding disorders were the clinical signs most frequently reported.
These results suggest that cats from some locations are exposed to leptospires and may act as urinary shedders of this pathogen, thus indicating a possible role of this species in disease transmission. Clinical data indicates that acute infection is mostly atypical when compared to dogs, and due to difficulties to define an archetypal clinical presentation in cats, feline leptospirosis is likely to be underdiagnosed disease in this species.
“Current knowledge on leptospirosis in cats: A systematic review with metanalysis on direct detection, serological response, and clinical data”. Bruno Alonso Miotto, et al. Res Vet Sci. 2024 May 10:174:105292.
Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034528824001589
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