Anal sacculectomy in dogs with massive apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma
The objective of this retrospective multi-institutional study was to evaluate short- and long-term outcomes for dogs undergoing anal sacculectomy for massive apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASACA). Massive was defined as > 5 cm.
Pre-, intra- and post-operative data of 28 client-owned dogs with massive AGASACA were collected. Researchers analyzed variables for associations with progression-free interval (PFI) and overall survival (OS).
At the time of anal sacculectomy, 19 or 68% of the dogs underwent concurrent iliosacral lymph node extirpation, including 17 of 18 or 94% of dogs with suspected nodal metastasis preoperatively.
Five or 18% of the dogs experienced grade 2 intraoperative complications. Ten or 36% of the dogs experienced postoperative complications, including 1 grade 3 and 1 grade 4 complication.
No dogs had permanent fecal incontinence, tenesmus or anal stenosis. Nineteen dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, or both. Local recurrence occurred in 37% of dogs.
Dogs with lymph node metastasis at surgery were more likely than dogs without metastasis to develop new or progressive lymph node metastasis (10/17 [59%] vs 0/10 [0%]; P = .003) and distant metastasis (7/17 [41%] vs 0/10 [0%]; P = .026).
Median PFI was 204 days (95% CI, 145 to 392). Median OS was 671 days (95% CI, 225 to upper limit not reached). Nodal metastasis at the time of surgery was associated with shorter PFI (P = .017) but not OS (P = .26). Adjuvant therapy was not associated with outcome.
Data showed that dogs with massive AGASACA experienced prolonged survival following anal sacculectomy despite a high incidence of local recurrence and metastasis. Lymph node metastasis at the time of surgery was a negative prognostic indicator for PFI but not OS.
Maureen A Griffin et al. “Short- and long-term outcomes associated with anal sacculectomy in dogs with massive apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma.” J Am Vet Med Assoc. 23 May 2023;1-8. doi: 10.2460/javma.23.02.0102.
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