Dioctophymosis in a free-ranging maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus): clinical-therapeutic, ultrasonographic and pathological aspects ˗ case report
Dioctophymosis is the disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, a large nematode, popularly known as giant kidney worm, and whose definitive hosts are the domestic dog and many wild mammal species. There are some reports of maned wolf parasitism by D. renale, however, in most cases the reports are restricted to the finding of the parasite during necropsy, without clinical assessment. The present report aimed to describe the clinical-therapeutic, ultrasonographic and pathological aspects of D. renale parasitism in a free-ranging maned wolf, emphasizing the treatment with an association of doramectin, praziquantel, pyrantel pamoate, and febantel that resulted in complete elimination of the parasite.
Dioctophymosis is the disease caused by Dioctophyma renale, a large nematode parasite of the family Dioctophymatidae, popularly known as giant kidney worm. D. renale have a wide number of definitive hosts, being described especially in wild and domestic species of the order Carnivora. It parasites the kidney of these definitive hosts, but also requires an intermediate host (aquatic oligochete or annelid) and a paratenic host (fishes and frogs) to complete its cycle (Bowman, 2009). Transmission to the definitive host occurs by the ingestion of the paratenic hosts. Although it is not considered an important zoonosis, there are sporadic reports in humans (Ignjatovic et al., 2003; Yang et al., 2016).
The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) is the larger wild canid of South America, classified as near threatened by International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Red List. It is present in all Brazilian biomes, with the exception of the Amazon and Caatinga (Paula and Dematteo, 2015). There are a few reports of infection by D. renale in maned wolves (Dietz, 1984; Varzone et al., 2008; Cansi et al., 2012; Duarte et al., 2013). However, specific treatment protocols, clinical evolution, diagnostic tools, and post treatment anatomopathological findings have not been previously reported. Therefore, this report aimed to describe a case of dioctophymosis in a free-ranging maned wolf focusing on clinical-therapeutic, ultrasonographic and pathological aspects of the disease.
Authors: A.R. Oliveira, D.O. Santos, F.M.A.M. Pereira, T.P. Carvalho, L.G.A. Moreira, L.L. Soares Neto, D.K.A. Mangueira, E.S. Mello, T.A. Paixão, R.L. Santos
Source: https://www.scielo.br/
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